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PART 61--CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS--Table of Contents
Subpart A--General
Sec. 61.57 Recent flight experience: Pilot in command.
(a) General experience. (1) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of
this section, no person may act as a pilot in command of an aircraft
carrying passengers or of an aircraft certificated for more than one
pilot flight crewmember unless that person has made at least three
takeoffs and three landings within the preceding 90 days, and--
(i) The person acted as the sole manipulator of the flight controls;
and
(ii) The required takeoffs and landings were performed in an
aircraft of the same category, class, and type (if a type rating is
required), and, if the aircraft to be flown is an airplane with a
tailwheel, the takeoffs and landings must have been made to a full stop
in an airplane with a tailwheel.
(2) For the purpose of meeting the requirements of paragraph (a)(1)
of this section, a person may act as a pilot in command of an aircraft
under day VFR or day IFR, provided no persons or property are carried on
board the aircraft, other than those necessary for the conduct of the
flight.
(3) The takeoffs and landings required by paragraph (a)(1) of this
section may be accomplished in a flight simulator or flight training
device that is--
(i) Approved by the Administrator for landings; and
(ii) Used in accordance with an approved course conducted by a
training center certificated under part 142 of this chapter.
(b) Night takeoff and landing experience. (1) Except as provided in
paragraph (e) of this section, no person may act as pilot in command of
an aircraft carrying passengers during the period beginning 1 hour after
sunset and ending 1 hour before sunrise, unless within the preceding 90
days that person has made at least three takeoffs and three landings to
a full stop during the period beginning 1 hour after sunset and ending 1
hour before sunrise, and--
(i) That person acted as sole manipulator of the flight controls;
and
(ii) The required takeoffs and landings were performed in an
aircraft of the same category, class, and type (if a type rating is
required).
(2) The takeoffs and landings required by paragraph (b)(1) of this
section may be accomplished in a flight simulator that is--
(i) Approved by the Administrator for takeoffs and landings, if the
visual system is adjusted to represent the period described in paragraph
(b)(1) of this section; and
(ii) Used in accordance with an approved course conducted by a
training center certificated under part 142 of this chapter.
(c) Instrument experience. Except as provided in paragraph (e) of
this section, no person may act as pilot in
command under IFR or in weather conditions less than the minimums
prescribed for VFR, unless within the preceding 6 calendar months, that
person has:
(1) For the purpose of obtaining instrument experience in an
aircraft (other than a glider), performed and logged under actual or
simulated instrument conditions, either in flight in the appropriate
category of aircraft for the instrument privileges sought or in a flight
simulator or flight training device that is representative of the
aircraft category for the instrument privileges sought--
(i) At least six instrument approaches;
(ii) Holding procedures; and
(iii) Intercepting and tracking courses through the use of
navigation systems.
(2) For the purpose of obtaining instrument experience in a glider,
performed and logged under actual or simulated instrument conditions--
(i) At least 3 hours of instrument time in flight, of which 1\1/2\
hours may be acquired in an airplane or a glider if no passengers are to
be carried; or
(ii) 3 hours of instrument time in flight in a glider if a passenger
is to be carried.
(d) Instrument proficiency check. Except as provided in paragraph
(e) of this section, a person who does not meet the instrument
experience requirements of paragraph (c) of this section within the
prescribed time, or within 6 calendar months after the prescribed time,
may not serve as pilot in command under IFR or in weather conditions
less than the minimums prescribed for VFR until that person passes an
instrument proficiency check consisting of a representative number of
tasks required by the instrument rating practical test.
(1) The instrument proficiency check must be--
(i) In an aircraft that is appropriate to the aircraft category;
(ii) For other than a glider, in a flight simulator or flight
training device that is representative of the aircraft category; or
(iii) For a glider, in a single-engine airplane or a glider.
(2) The instrument proficiency check must be given by--
(i) An examiner;
(ii) A person authorized by the U.S. Armed Forces to conduct
instrument flight tests, provided the person being tested is a member of
the U.S. Armed Forces;
(iii) A company check pilot who is authorized to conduct instrument
flight tests under part 121, 125, or 135 of this chapter, and provided
that both the check pilot and the pilot being tested are employees of
that operator;
(iv) An authorized instructor; or
(v) A person approved by the Administrator to conduct instrument
practical tests.
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